The human brain is main organ in the head; it is safeguarded by the skull. Human brain is the main facility unit and interpreter of senses for the human nervous system. Brain is the command center for Central Nervous System. Brain is one of the most complex and functionary parts of human body. It obtains impulses from the sense organs and sends commands to the muscles. Brain is the central unit which controls the human behavior; it is the source of intelligence. The human brain controls all the muscular movements in humans.
The human brain is constituted by billions of nerves and brain cells. Human brain is enclosed by a layer of soft tissues which is called as the meninges. The skull also called as cranium acts as a shield to protect the brain from injuries and accidents. Human brain, continuously communicates with all the nerves in trillions of networks known as synapses.
Parts of the Human Brain:
Human brain is divided into three basic functional units. The three important parts of human brain are forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain.
The Forebrain:
The forebrain is the largest part of the human brain. The forebrain also called as prosencephalon consists of cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland. Hypothalamus and thalamus are the parts of inner brain. The forebrain primarily consists of cerebrum, the principal part of human brain. The cerebrum is positioned in the anterior part of the skull. The cerebrum is divided into two cerebral hemispheres by a long narrow fissure, namely the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. The cerebrum and cerebellum controls all the voluntary actions of the body.
The Midbrain:
The central portion of the brainstem is the midbrain also called as mesencephalon. It is positioned in between the interbrain and the hindbrain. The pons link the medulla oblongata, cerebellum and the midbrain. It controls the nerves associated with hearing, eye movements, stimulation and temperature regulation.
The Hindbrain:
The hindbrain or rhombencephalon is the posterior part of the brain. It consists of upper part of the spinal cord, the brain stem, and cerebellum. The most vital functions in the human body like heartbeat rate and respiration are controlled by hindbrain. The cerebellum initiates and coordinates movement of muscles along with cerebrum. The cerebrum is involved in rote learning, memorization by repetition.
The Cerebral Cortex:
The cerebrum and cerebellum are coated by a thick layer of tissues called cerebral cortex. This tissue is parted into two classes called Gray matter and White matter. Gray matter is made of interneurons. The white matter is made of neurons covered with myelin, myelinated neurons.