Scientific classification: Rats belong to the family Muridae. The brown rat is classified as Rattus norvegicus, and the black rat as Rattus rattus.
Introduction
Rats are the common name for any large member of a family of rodents, with dull-colored, coarse fur; long tails; large ears; and a pointed snout. Rats have extremely powerful teeth, with which they often gnaw through wooden planks to get at stores of food, and they have even been known to bite holes in lead pipes. They are usually nocturnal and live in human habitations, facts about rats in forests, in deserts, and on seagoing ships. They are extremely prolific, breeding 1 to 13 times a year and producing 1 to 22 young in a litter. Most species of rats are herbivorous, but some are omnivorous. Rats have an average lifespan of eight months to one year in the wild and two to three years in captivity.
Different Rat Species
Two species of rats are found almost throughout the world. The brown rat, which is also known as the Norway rat, house rat, gray rat, barn rat, and wharf rat, is the larger of the two. It attains a length of about 18 to 26 cm (about 7 to 10 in), not including the tail, which is about 15 to 22 cm (about 6 to 9 in) long. It is grayish-brown above and sooty white below. This common species does much damage to foodstuffs in storehouses, carries fleas that transmit such diseases as plague and typhus fever, and attacks domestic animals, facts about rats, poultry, and occasionally humans. The brown rat was carried on ships from Europe to the United States late in the 18th century, and it has gradually displaced the black rat, a smaller, less aggressive species introduced into North America in about the 16th century. The black rat, which is almost completely black in color, is now prevalent in tropical and subtropical America and in the southern United States. The black rat produces 1 to 11 young in a litter.
Bush and wood Rats
Bush, or wood, rats live far from human habitations. The bush rats, which are 15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 in) in length, excluding the tail, are native to America and are found in wooded and desert areas throughout the United States. They build characteristic dome-shaped nests, about 1 meter (about 4 ft) high, and in some species the exterior of the nest is studded with needle-sharp thorns or bits of cactus for protection against natural enemies. Bush rats feed chiefly on green vegetation. The eastern wood rat, pack rat, trade rat, or bush rat, found along the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts, is slate-gray above and white below facts about rats,. The bushy-tailed wood rat differs from most other rats in that it has a hairy tail. This rodent, which is found west of the Rocky Mountains, is buff and black above and white below. The desert rat is a short-tailed bush rat found in the deserts of the western United States.
Another common rat of the southeastern United States is the cotton, or marsh, rat, which is especially abundant around the edges of cotton fields. This aggressive, voracious rodent is 13 to 20 cm (5 to 8 in) long, not including the tail, which measures 8 to 14 cm (3 to 6 in). The cotton rat is yellowish-gray, grizzled with black above and sooty white below. The animal is fond of cotton seeds and also feeds on green vegetation. It produces 1 to 12 young in a litter.
Related Rat species
Several other rodents are popularly known as rats: among these are the bandicoot rat, the kangaroo rat, the ground rat, and the pocket rat. The hutia is frequently called the cane rat. Certain South and Central American octodont (eight-toothed) rodents are known as spiny rats or hedgehog rats; they are so called because their fur has long, sharp spines. An unusual squirrel-like rodent called a Laotian rock rat, whose discovery in Laos was reported in 2005, belongs to a family of rodents thought to have been extinct for 11 million years facts about rats.